Aec q200 что это

The AEC-Q200 Standard, what does it really mean?

Golledge have been a supplier of automotive qualified frequency control products for 25 years and over this time we’ve found that our customers can sometimes be confused about the AEC-Q200 standard.

«Do I need automotive qualification for these parts?» is a commonly heard question in the sales room, and even engineers can sometimes use a brush up on what this standard means when specifying parts for automotive applications.

Murray Slovick speaks for many engineers when he states:

“it was taken for granted that we all basically understood what this set of requirements was all about…[Engineers] didn’t have to think too much about it when specifying AEC-Q200 – compliant products”

Murray Slovick

With this in mind we set out to try and provide a helpful summary of this sometime confusing standard.

In this article we’ll give you a brief history of the AEC-Q200 qualification, help you find the standards you need, explain the process our parts undergo to achieve qualification, and share our bonus top 5 tips on how you can save budget when specifying and buying these parts.

What is AEC-Q200?

The AEC-Q200 qualification is the global standard for stress resistance that all passive electronic components must meet, if they are intended for use within the automotive industry. Parts are deemed to be «AEC-Q200 qualified» if they have passed the stringent suite of stress tests contained within the standard.

When and why was it created?

The need for an automotive specification standard for passive components was born, like many things, out of a change in the marketplace.

In the early 1990s electronic technology was becoming more and more prevalent outside of the automotive industry, meaning automotive companies were no longer the biggest priority for component suppliers. This meant it was becoming harder and harder for companies within this industry to specify parts to the strict standards required by the automotive environment.

The idea for a standard was original proposed by Gerald Servais of Delco Electronics (General Motors) and Jerry Jennings (Chrysler) at a meeting of the JEDEC (the global leader for the creation of microelectronics standards). Further conversation resulted in the founding group of Gerald Servais, Jerry Jennings, Robert Knoell (Ford) and Earl Fischer (Ford), creating the AEC Council. It was this group who, after consultation with experts within many companies, published the forerunner of the standard we see today.

The overall aim of the standard is to set a benchmark for temperature and pressure resistance and to ensure the consistency of safety specifications of passive components required for the automotive industry.

The creation of the standard removes a headache for a lot of engineers – as they no longer need to determine the individual specifications for many components.

What types of applications need to be fully qualified?

When we say «automotive industry» what do we mean, what types of applications actually require automotive qualified parts?

The standard itself should always be your first port of call for this question, but we’ve included a summary here to try and help explain some of the intricacies.

AEC-Q200 Rev. D splits the level of qualification required for different parts of the industry into five grades, numbered 0 – 4. Grade 0 is the most stringent, requiring testing throughout the -50 to +150°C temperature range. Components graded to this level can be used in any application throughout the automotive industry, regardless of location within the vehicle. The level of testing required then decreases through the grades, grade 1parts which are suitable for most underhood uses are required to be tested through the -40 to +125°C temperature range, grade 2 parts are less stringently tested again and are suitable for use in hot spots within the passenger compartments, grade 3 for use within most of the passenger compartment, and down to grade 4 which is the qualification grade used for non-automotive parts.

The following table is taken from the standard as an example:

Grade	Temperature Range	Component Type	Typical Application
0	-50 to +150°C	Flat chip ceramic resistors, X8R ceramic capacitors	All automotive
1	-40 to +125°C	Capacitor networks, resistors, inductors, transformers, thermistors, resonators, crystals, and varistors, all other ceramic and tantalum capacitors	Most underhood
2	-40 to +105°C	Aluminium electrolytic capacitors	Passenger compartment hotspots
3	-40 to +85°C	Film capacitors, ferrites, R/R-C networks and trimmer capacitors	Most passenger compartment
4	0 to +70°C	Non-automotive

In order to meet a specific qualification grade the part has to undergo stress testing up to the highest temperature included within that grade.

What does it take to become AEC-Q200 qualified?

All component suppliers will have a slightly different test procedure but here at Golledge the automotive qualified parts we supply are tested to ensure they are within strict limits. This includes subjecting an appropriate sample of the parts to rigorous rounds of testing. Here are some examples of the types of testing these parts under go before they are deemed qualified:

• A round of stringent electrical testing, followed by stress and then a further round of testing to ensure the electrical integrity of the component.
• The temperature resistance of the part is tested by exposing the samples to the maximum temperature within the required testing range for a prolonged period of time. This is then followed by temperature cycling throughout the entire temperature range, and then a further round of measurement to determine the resistance of the parts.
• Moisture resistance is tested by exposing the part to a high degree of humidity for a prolonged period of time.
• The operational life of the component is checked to ensure it passes the required benchmark.
• The resistance of the component to solvents is tested.
• Mechanical shock and vibration resistance are checked by exposing the components to high levels of g-force for prolonged periods of time, and by cycling the parts through periods of vibration.
• The solderability of the parts and their resistance to soldering heat is also checked to ensure they are fully operable which involves exposing the components to extremely high temperatures.
• The board flex and terminal strength of the components are also checked to ensure compliance with standard attachments five and six.
• Finally the parts undergo a strict visual inspection and a check to ensure their physical characteristics meet the required specifications.

As you can see there’s a lot of testing that goes into qualifying a part to AEC-Q200 specifications which does add peace of mind about the integrity of the part, ultimately making for a safer product.

The future

OK, so we know this one’s a big question but where AEC-Q200 is concerned the future looks pretty stable. As more and more modern cars incorporate ever increasing amounts of electronic technology the need for standards to be applied to the components they require is ever greater.

The AEC Council hosts an annual workshop each spring where industry leaders meet to discuss the standard and its application to new and developing technology.

For more information on RF automotive technology, including our recommendations for the best products to use for the very latest tech, please check out our new ebook «The Evolution of Automotive RF Integration» which you can download here for free. Packed with information on the RF technology behind classic and up-coming automotive tech, it’s your ultimate guide to the latest RF automotive products specific to your industry.

Our top 5 budget-saving tips for specifying automotive frequency products

So you’re swayed by the increased safety implications but how do you get AEC-Q200 qualified parts without them costing the earth?

The following tips are specific to AEC-Q200 RF products (in particular automotive crystals and automotive oscillators) but most of them can be applied to non-qualified parts as well.

1. Firstly, ask yourself «Do I really need AEC-Q200 qualification?»

Generally speaking the less qualification a part requires the easier it is going to be to save yourself budget.

Check out the standards for yourself here but you can use our brief summary above to give yourself a ballpark as to what grade you need or whether AEC-Q200 qualification is needed at all for your RF application.

Ask yourself again «does my part really need to be fully qualified?» If the answer is «not necessarily» then you’ve got yourself some valuable flexibility when it comes to negotiating price.

2. Always clarify exactly what specifications you can accept.

Sometimes saving budget becomes a balancing act, pitting the ideal part against less tightly specified options.

Approach your buyer or your supplier’s sales department with this in mind, knowing what specifications the application can accept, not just those that are ideal, and you’re much more likely to reach a better price.

3. Know how much you need.

It really does help to have a realistic forecast of the demand for the part you need. The nature of the manufacturing industry is such that line set-up and running costs have to be met for every single production run. The greater the volume these costs can be spread over, the less that you will end up paying per piece.

This means that having large volume demand does mean you can wield some serious buying clout… but be warned, unrealistic forecasts will only annoy your suppliers.

It’s best to be as honest as possible about your long term demand for these parts and work with the sales department who can help you find the best solution possible for you. For example here at Golledge we can usually offer free samples for projects in prototype stage or in some cases buffer stock may be an option to help with supply. We’re always happy to talk about stocking options so if you have a tricky issue to solve in this area don’t hesitate to get in touch and we’ll try to help you the best we can.

In short it helps to know the FCP (frequency control product) need for the entire lifetime of the project, and to be open with your supplier’s sales department to allow them to find you the best price.

4. Always ask «Do you have anything similar in stock»?

This goes hand in hand with tips number 2 and 4, and again it comes down to the nature of the manufacturing business. Occasionally a large volume production run will result in over-makes, which means if you need to source a low to medium volume of parts, asking this question can sometimes produce some fantastic and unexpected pricing results. Of course there are no guarantees but there’s no harm in asking either.

5. Lastly, don’t assume all product sales teams are created equal.

At Golledge Electronics we ask our customers many questions. The more we know, the more we can help find you the right product at the right price.

We ask about the end customer and the project so that if we have already negotiated favourable pricing you can benefit from that advantage.

We ask about all the parameters and where there might be some flexibility so that we might be able to guide you to the right product.

We ask you about the application and chipset because we might have come across something that could help you make better informed design trade-offs, such as a reference design or a product we’ve tested with the chipset ourselves or we know other customers are using successfully.

We ask about demand forecasting to try and ensure you and your subcontractors have the stock you need, when you need it.

We feel asking these questions gives us a greater understanding of your needs and ultimately helps us provide you with a better service. It really does help to be as open as possible with your supplier.

We hope this article has helped answer your automotive qualification quandaries. For some more information about the latest AEC-Q200 qualified RF components hop over to our automotive parts page where you can find the latest components hot off the press.

If this article has helped you in some way, if you have any further questions, or if you have a puzzling automotive RF part supply problem we’d love to hear from you. Drop us a line at sales@golledge.com or give us a call on +44 1460 256 100. We look forward to hearing from you soon.

AEC-Q qualification: an important detail about the electronics of your vehicle

There are many secrets hidden under the hood of a vehicle, and even more so with the arrival of electronics in the automotive sector as well. Before, vehicles were basically metal, but now silicon is also here to stay, and even to replace some classic elements. Therefore, with the domination of electronics, it is important that you know what is AEC qualification for the chips of your vehicle.

Here we are going to explain it to you in detail, and you will discover quite curious things that you may not have known, such as that vehicle electronics are not treated exactly the same as dedicated electronics for other purposes…

What is AEC?

AEC is the acronym for Automotive Electronics Council.. It is an organization that was originally founded by the GM, Ford and Chrysler brands in the 90s. The objective of AEC was to establish a series of common standards for the qualification of vehicle components, specifically electrical ones.

Currently, the AEC committee ensures standardization to establish minimum reliability and quality in electronic components that are going to be destined for the automotive industry, since if a consumer device such as a television fails, it is not as dangerous as a component of a vehicle that is driving at high speed and that could end in tragedy. Keep in mind that today’s electronics control many aspects of the vehicle, many of which have to do with safety.

To make this possible, they have created a series of test equipment and models to guarantee the life of these electronic components, which are not exactly the same as those of consumer electronics, but rather have to survive longer. For example, while we change our smartphone or computer every 2 or 3 years, in many cases, vehicles are made to last longer. Without going any further, the German automobile industry requires that the chips used in vehicles last at least 18 years without failure.

Currently, not only have they been interested in AEC and these quality standards the three brands cited above, so have many others that have joined this consortium. To name some of the most important, we have Bosch, Bose Corporation, Continental Corporation, Denso International, Harman, John Deere Electronics Solutions, Magna Electronics, Magneti Marelli, etc. In addition, there are also other associated brands such as Aerospace, AMD, OSRAM, Analog Devices, Cirrus Logic, Global Foundries, Infineon, Intel, Lattice Semiconductor, Microchip, Micron Tech, NVIDIA, Nexperia, NXP, Qualcomm, Renesas, Samsung, SMIC, STMicroelectronics, TSMC, UMC, Western Digital, etc.

Standard AEC-Q Qualification

The standard of AEC qualification (AEC-Q), evaluates electrical and electronic components at a technical level to establish standards of use for automotive applications. In other words, to be suitable, the electronic components must comply with the qualification standard drawn up by AEC based on the type of component, and for this they must pass a series of tests.

In addition, there are different numbered AEC-Q qualifications, as the electric components in different types such as integrated circuits (chips), discrete semiconductors, passive components, etc. And each one of them has to have passed high-level stress tests to see if it resists and is suitable for vehicles.

During the tests there will be various checks, such as HBM behavior that is, (Human Body Model), to verify that if people touch them they are not easily damaged by the static electricity they may have. CDM (Charge Device Model) ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) charge tests are also carried out, MSL (Moisture Sensitivity Level) tests are also carried out to check the sensitivity of the circuit packaging to humidity, .

These tests They will go through several levels or stages, with different parameters that vary. For example, temperature/RH in the case of humidity testing, or voltage in ESD testing, etc. Everything is for the safety of the driver, vehicle passengers and pedestrians.

Before concluding this section, also say that the circuit packages must also indicate theThe results of the AEC-Q tests and also be accompanied by a report of the results of the AEC qualification in the different tests.

ACE-Q100 (Integrated Circuits)

One of the AEC qualifications is the AEC-Q100, designed to check how integrated circuits (IC) behave, that is, the chips that are integrated into some of the vehicle components. This qualification will do stress tests based on failure mechanisms. If the chip satisfactorily passes the tests, it will obtain the qualification, guaranteeing a level of quality and reliability that makes it suitable for use in the automotive industry.

Among the tests that are passed are HBM, a model that is made at the body level with maximum voltages of up to 2KV or higher. They are also performed at the device level, such as CDM with voltages of 750V or higher. Remember that chips are very sensitive to electrostatic discharge, especially those that contain memory. Of course, there will also be a test for the MSL sensitivity level, such as:

Qualification	Operating Ambient Temperature Range
0	-40 ° C to + 150 ° C
1	-40 ° C to + 125 ° C
2	-40 ° C to + 105 ° C
3	-40 ° C to + 85 ° C

Within the AEC-Q100 qualification, several sub-tests that you should also know, all of them dedicated to integrated circuits, such as:

Rev are the different revisions that the tests have undergone over time to update them.

• AEC-Q100 Rev H: stress test based on the failure mechanism for integrated circuits.
• AEC-Q100-001 Rev C: connector bond shear test.
• AEC-Q100-002 Rev E: Electrostatic discharge test of the HBM model.
• AEC-Q100-004 Rev D: IC latch test.
• AEC-Q100-005 Rev D1: Non-volatile memory erasure resistance test, i.e. data retention and operational life.
• AEC-Q100-007 Rev B: failure simulation and test qualification.
• AEC-Q100-008 Rev A: early life failure rate.
• AEC-Q100-009 Rev B: evaluation of electrical distribution.
• AEC-Q100-010 Rev A: cutting test of solder balls (BGA).
• AEC-Q100-011 Rev D: electrostatic discharge test with CDM model.
• AEC-Q100-012: reliability for 12v systems.

Those without Rev are tests that are in the early stages and have not yet needed a revision.

AEC-Q101 (discrete semiconductors)

The proof AEC-Q101 is a test to ensure that the discrete semiconductors withstand a series of tests. That is, tests on components such as diodes, transistors, etc., that may be on a printed circuit board or PCB. In this case, we have tests like:

• AEC-Q101 Rev E: stress tests based on the failure mechanism for discrete semiconductors.
• AEC-Q101-001 Rev A: electrostatic discharge test based on the HBM model.
• AEC-Q101-003 Rev A: conductor bond shear test.
• AEC-Q101-004: miscellany of assorted tests.
• AEC-Q101-005 Rev A: electrostatic discharge test with CDM model.
• AEC-Q101-006: circuit reliability in 12V systems.

AEC-Q102 (optoelectronic semiconductors)

This other AEC-Q102 qualification is intended to test other discrete semiconductors, but in this case it is optoelectronics, that is, elements such as LED diodes, laser devices, such as LiDAR, among others. In these cases we have the following tests:

• AEC-Q102 Rev A: stress test based on the failure mechanism.
• AEC-Q102-001: dew test.
• AEC-Q102-002: PCB board bending test.
• AEC-Q102-003: tests for the OE-MCM, that is, the modules with optoelectronic multichip.

AEC-Q103 (sensors)

La AEC-Q103 is an AEC qualification intended to verify the quality and reliability of MEMS sensors. that a vehicle may have, from those of temperature, pressure, distance/proximity, flow, etc. To do this, two elementary tests are carried out:

• AEC-Q103-002: is a stress test based on failure mechanism for microelectronic pressure sensors.
• AEC-Q103-003: stress test for the microphone.

AEC-Q104 (MCM)

On the other hand, there is AEC-Q104, which is the AEC qualification to check the resistance to stress based on the failure mechanism for MCMs, that is, for Multi-Chip Modules, what are now called chiplets, where there are several chips in the same package. In this case, only a stress test called AEC-Q104 is performed. And it is in an early stage, since MCMs are being used more nowadays…

AEC-Q200 (passive components)

Next on the list of tests for the AEC qualification is the AEC-Q200, which is intended for performing stress tests on passive components. That is, this will check elementary electronic elements such as resistors, coils, capacitors, transformers, fuses, etc. To carry out these tests, AEC relies on the following tests:

• AEC-Q200 Rev D: stress rating test for passive components.
• AEC-Q200-001 Rev B: delay test.
• AEC-Q200-002 Rev B: electrostatic discharge test with HBM model.
• AEC-Q200-003 Rev B: beam load test to check the resistance to breakage.
• AEC-Q200-004 Rev A: measurement procedure for resettable fuses.
• AEC-Q200-005 Rev A: Terminal/PCB bond strength test.
• AEC-Q200-006 Rev A: SMD terminal resistance, shear stress test.
• AEC-Q200-007 Rev A: test of resistance to voltage spikes.

Now you know the most basic AEC tests, and why your printed and integrated circuits in your vehicle should have these qualifications.

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Квалификация AEC-Q: важная деталь об электронике вашего автомобиля

Под капотом автомобиля скрыто много секретов, тем более с появлением электроники в автомобильном секторе. Раньше транспортные средства были в основном металлическими, но теперь кремний остался и даже заменил некоторые классические элементы. Поэтому при господстве электроники важно знать, что такое Квалификация AEC на чипы вашего автомобиля.

Здесь мы собираемся объяснить вам это подробно, и вы обнаружите довольно любопытные вещи что вы, возможно, не знали, например, что автомобильная электроника не обрабатывается точно так же, как специализированная электроника для других целей…

Что такое АЭК?

AEC — это аббревиатура от Automotive Electronics Council.. Это организация, которая была первоначально основана брендами GM, Ford и Chrysler в 90-х годах.Цель AEC состояла в том, чтобы установить ряд общих стандартов для квалификации компонентов транспортных средств, особенно электрических.

В настоящее время комитет AEC обеспечивает стандартизация для установления минимальной надежности и качества электронных компонентов которые будут предназначены для автомобильной промышленности, поскольку, если потребительское устройство, такое как телевизор, выходит из строя, оно не так опасно, как компонент транспортного средства, которое движется на высокой скорости и может закончиться трагедией. Имейте в виду, что современная электроника контролирует многие аспекты автомобиля, многие из которых связаны с безопасностью.

Чтобы сделать это возможным, они создали серию тестового оборудования и моделей, гарантирующих срок службы этих электронных компонентов, которые не совсем такие же, как у бытовой электроники, а скорее должны прослужить дольше. Например, хотя мы меняем наш смартфон или компьютер каждые 2 или 3 года, во многих случаях автомобили рассчитаны на более долгий срок службы. Не вдаваясь в подробности, немецкая автомобильная промышленность требует, чтобы чипы, используемые в автомобилях, прослужили долго. не менее 18 лет без сбоев.

В настоящее время они интересуются не только AEC и этими стандартами качества, но и тремя бренды упоминалось выше, как и многие другие, присоединившиеся к этому консорциуму. Чтобы назвать некоторые из наиболее важных, у нас есть Bosch, Bose Corporation, Continental Corporation, Denso International, Harman, John Deere Electronics Solutions, Magna Electronics, Magneti Marelli и т. д. Кроме того, существуют и другие связанные бренды, такие как Aerospace, AMD, OSRAM, Analog Devices, Cirrus Logic, Global Foundries, Infineon, Intel, Lattice Semiconductor, Microchip, Micron Tech, NVIDIA, Nexperia, NXP, Qualcomm, Renesas, Samsung, SMIC, STMicroelectronics, TSMC, UMC, Western Digital и др.

Стандартная квалификация AEC-Q

Стандарт Квалификация AEC (AEC-Q), оценивает электрические и электронные компоненты на техническом уровне, чтобы установить стандарты использования для автомобильных приложений. Другими словами, чтобы быть пригодными, электронные компоненты должны соответствовать квалификационному стандарту, составленному AEC на основе типа компонента, и для этого они должны пройти серию испытаний.

Кроме того, существуют разные нумерации квалификаций AEC-Q, так как компоненты eléctricos в различных типах, таких как интегральные схемы (чипы), дискретные полупроводники, пассивные компоненты и т. д. И каждый из них должен пройти стресс-тесты высокого уровня, чтобы убедиться, что он выдерживает и подходит для транспортных средств.

Во время испытаний будет различные проверки, такие как поведение HBM, то есть (модель человеческого тела), чтобы убедиться, что, если люди прикасаются к ним, они не могут быть легко повреждены статическим электричеством, которое они могут иметь. Также проводятся испытания CDM (модель зарядного устройства), ESD (электростатический разряд), тесты MSL (уровень чувствительности к влаге) для проверки чувствительности упаковки схемы к влаге, .

Эти тесты Они пройдут несколько уровней или стадий, с разными параметрами, которые варьируются. Например, температура/относительная влажность в случае испытаний на влажность или напряжение в испытаниях на электростатический разряд и т. д. Все для безопасности водителя, пассажиров автомобиля и пешеходов.

Прежде чем закончить этот раздел, также скажите, что на печатных платах также должны быть указаныРезультаты испытаний AEC-Q а также сопровождаться отчетом о результатах квалификации AEC в различных тестах.

ACE-Q100 (интегральные схемы)

Одной из Квалификация AEC — AEC-Q100, предназначенный для проверки поведения интегральных схем (ИС), то есть микросхем, встроенных в некоторые компоненты автомобиля. Эта квалификация будет проводить стресс-тесты на основе механизмов отказа. Если чип удовлетворительно пройдет испытания, он получит квалификацию, гарантирующую уровень качества и надежности, который делает его пригодным для использования в автомобильной промышленности.

Среди пройденных тестов — HBM, модель, выполненная на уровне корпуса с максимальным напряжением до 2 кВ и выше. Они также выполняются на уровне устройства, например CDM с напряжением 750 В и выше. Помните, что чипы очень чувствительны к электростатическому разряду, особенно те, которые содержат память. Конечно, также будет тест на уровень чувствительности MSL, такой как:

Квалификация	Диапазон рабочих температур окружающей среды
0	-40 ° C до + 150 ° C
1	-40 ° C до + 125 ° C
2	-40 ° C до + 105 ° C
3	-40 ° C до + 85 ° C

В рамках квалификации AEC-Q100 несколько подтесты которые вы также должны знать, все они посвящены интегральным схемам, таким как:

Rev — это различные версии, которые тесты претерпели с течением времени для их обновления.

• AEC-Q100, версия H: стресс-тест, основанный на механизме отказа интегральных схем.
• AEC-Q100-001 Ред. C: испытание на сдвиг соединительного соединения.
• AEC-Q100-002 Ред. E: Испытание модели HBM на электростатический разряд.
• AEC-Q100-004 Ред. D: тест защелки микросхемы.
• AEC-Q100-005 Ред. D1: Тест на стойкость энергонезависимой памяти к стиранию, т.е. сохранение данных и срок службы.
• AEC-Q100-007 Ред. B: моделирование отказов и квалификация испытаний.
• AEC-Q100-008 Ред. А: частота отказов в раннем возрасте.
• AEC-Q100-009 Ред. B: оценка электрического распределения.
• AEC-Q100-010 Ред. А: испытание на резку шариков припоя (BGA).
• AEC-Q100-011 Ред. D: испытание на электростатический разряд с моделью CDM.
• АЭК-Q100-012: надежность для 12-вольтовых систем.

Тесты без Rev — это тесты, которые находятся на ранних стадиях и еще не нуждаются в пересмотре.

AEC-Q101 (дискретные полупроводники)

тест АЭК-Q101 является тестом, чтобы убедиться, что дискретные полупроводники выдержать ряд испытаний. То есть испытания таких компонентов, как диоды, транзисторы и т. д., которые могут находиться на печатной плате или печатной плате. В этом случае у нас есть такие тесты, как:

• AEC-Q101 Ред. E: стресс-тесты, основанные на механизме отказа дискретных полупроводников.
• AEC-Q101-001 Ред. А: испытание электростатическим разрядом на основе модели HBM.
• AEC-Q101-003 Ред. А: испытание на сдвиг соединения проводника.
• АЭК-Q101-004: набор разнообразных тестов.
• AEC-Q101-005 Ред. А: испытание на электростатический разряд с моделью CDM.
• АЭК-Q101-006: надежность схемы в системах 12В.

AEC-Q102 (оптоэлектронные полупроводники)

Эта другая квалификация AEC-Q102 предназначена для тестирования других дискретных полупроводников, но в данном случае она оптоэлектроника, то есть такие элементы, как светодиоды, лазерные устройства, такие как LiDAR и другие. В этих случаях у нас есть следующие тесты:

• AEC-Q102 Ред. А: стресс-тест, основанный на механизме сбоя.
• АЭК-Q102-001: тест на росу.
• АЭК-Q102-002: Тест на изгиб печатной платы.
• АЭК-Q102-003: тесты для OE-MCM, то есть модулей с оптоэлектронной мультичипом.

AEC-Q103 (датчики)

La AEC-Q103 — это квалификация AEC, предназначенная для проверки качества и надежности датчиков MEMS. которые может иметь транспортное средство, от температуры, давления, расстояния/близости, расхода и т. д. Для этого проводятся два элементарных теста:

• АЭК-Q103-002: это стресс-тест, основанный на механизме отказа микроэлектронных датчиков давления.
• АЭК-Q103-003: стресс-тест для микрофона.

AEC-Q104 (МКМ)

С другой стороны, есть АЭК-Q104, что является квалификацией AEC для проверки устойчивости к нагрузкам на основе механизма отказа для MCM, то есть для многочиповых модулей, которые сейчас называются чиплетами, где в одном корпусе находится несколько микросхем. В этом случае выполняется только стресс-тест под названием AEC-Q104. И это находится на ранней стадии, так как в настоящее время MCM используются больше…

AEC-Q200 (пассивные компоненты)

Следующим в списке тестов для квалификации AEC является АЭК-Q200, предназначенный для проведения стресс-тестов пассивных компонентов. То есть это будет проверка элементарных электронных элементов, таких как резисторы, катушки, конденсаторы, трансформаторы, предохранители и т.д. Для проведения этих тестов AEC использует следующие тесты:

• AEC-Q200 ред. D: стресс-тест для пассивных компонентов.
• AEC-Q200-001 Ред. B: тест задержки.
• AEC-Q200-002 Ред. B: испытание на электростатический разряд с моделью HBM.
• AEC-Q200-003 Ред. B: испытание балки под нагрузкой для проверки устойчивости к разрушению.
• AEC-Q200-004 Ред. А: процедура измерения самовосстанавливающихся предохранителей.
• AEC-Q200-005 Ред. А: Испытание на прочность соединения клемм/печатных плат.
• AEC-Q200-006 Ред. А: Сопротивление выводов SMD, испытание на сдвиг.
• AEC-Q200-007 Ред. А: испытание на устойчивость к скачкам напряжения.

Теперь вы знаете самые основные тесты AEC и почему ваши печатные и интегральные схемы в вашем автомобиле должны соответствовать этим требованиям.

Содержание статьи соответствует нашим принципам редакционная этика. Чтобы сообщить об ошибке, нажмите здесь.

Полный путь к статье: Motor News » Motor News » Especiales » Квалификация AEC-Q: важная деталь об электронике вашего автомобиля

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What is AEC-Q200 (passive component reliability test standard)?

What is AEC-Q200 (passive component reliability test standard)?

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An automobile carries an electronic control unit (ECU) composed of numerous electronic components. These electronic components must operate normally even when the automobile runs in a harsh environment. Different from electronic components making up consumer products, in-vehicle electronic components are required to meet more severe quality requirements.
AEC standards provide quality management requirements that in-vehicle semiconductor devices should meet. Among various types of standards included in the AEC standards is AEC-Q200 which focuses on passive components. This article will discuss AEC-Q200 and brief on Panasonic products conforming to AEC-Q200 as well.

AEC-Q200 included in AEC standards

What are AEC standards?

Automotive Electronics Council or AEC was set up in the 1990s by three leading automobile manufacturers in the United States and joined by major electronic component manufacturers. The organization is responsible for setting common standards for in-vehicle electronic components including quality standards. Its AEC Component Technical Committee is working on setting standards for reliable electronic components and component certification rules.

AEC standards are international standards for ensuring the reliability of in-vehicle electronic components. Automobile manufacturers will not purchase components that fail to meet the requirements defined in the standards. AEC standards provide various types of standards applied to different types of electronic components. Among them is AEC-Q200 which applies to passive components. Passive components refer to components that consume, store, or release supplied power.

• AEC-Q100: integrated circuits (IC)
• AEC-Q101: discrete semiconductor products (capacitors, transistors, diodes, etc.)
• AEC-Q102: discrete optoelectronics semiconductor products (LEDs, etc.)
• AEC-Q103: vehicular sensors
• AEC-Q104: multichip modules (containing multiple chip pairs, ICs, etc.)
• AEC-Q200: passive components (resistors, capacitors, inductors, etc.)

AEC standards classify components into different grades corresponding to their service temperature ranges. These grades define individual places where classified components are allowed to be used. AEC-Q200 provides five grade categories, and components with a lower grade number must be able to withstand lower and higher temperatures.

Table 1 Guaranteed temperature range and applicable locations for each grade

Grade	Temperature range		Typical places of use of components
	Low temperature	High temperature
0	-50°C	+150°C	Every mounting part
1	-40°C	+125°C	Most of the engine room
2	-40°C	+105°C	High-temperature area of the passenger room
3	-40°C	+85°C	Most of the passenger room
4	0°C	+70°C	A place for mounting non-electrical equipment

AEC-Q200 test items

To run safely in a harsh environment, an automobile must have its electronic components keep operating normally. These electronic components cannot be put on the market as components conforming to AEC-Q200 requirements unless they pass environment tests, electrical tests, etc., conducted under severe test conditions. Passive components to be certified by AEC-Q200 tests and test items to be applied are listed in the following table.

Various components to be tested include capacitors, resistors, varistors, and crystal vibrators, with test items being specified for each component. Test items vary also depending on whether a component to be tested is a lead component or a surface mount device (SMD). In addition, capacitors of different types should be tested with different test items. So, these tests must be conducted carefully.

Table 2 AEC-Q200 tests conducted on individual components
(Partially excerpted from «AEC-Q200 REV E STRESS TEST QUALIFICATION FOR PASSIVE COMPONENTS»)

Test No.	Stress・Test	Components
		Tantalum and Niobium Capacitors	Ceramic Capacitors	Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor	Film Capacitor	Magnetics	Networks	Resistors	Thermistors	Trimmer Capacitors/ Resistors	Varistors	Quartz Crystals	Ceramic Resonators	EMI Suppressors / Filters	Polymeric Resettable Fuses	Fuses	Super Capacitor
		Table No.
		1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16
1	Pre- and Post- Stress Electrical Test	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕
3	High Temperature Exposure (Storage)/th>	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕
4	Temperature Cycling	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕
5	Destructive Physical Analysis	✕	✕
7	Humidity Bias	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕
8	High Temperature Operating Life	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕
9	External Visual	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕
10	Physical Dimensions	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕
11	Terminal Strength (Leaded)	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕
12	Resistance to Solvent	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕
13	Mechanical Shock	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕
14	Vibration	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕
15	Resistance to Soldering Heat	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕
17	ESD	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕
18	Solderability	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕
19	Electrical Characterization	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕
20	Flammability	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕
21	Board Flex	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕
22	Terminal Strength (SMD)	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕	✕
24	Flame Retardance	✕
25	Rotational Life	✕
27	Surge Voltage	✕
30	Electrical Transient Conduction	✕	✕
32	Short Circuit Fault Current Durability	✕
33	Fault Current Durability	✕
34	End-of-Life Mode Verification	✕
35	Jump Start Endurance	✕
36	Load Dump Endurance	✕

Introduction to products conforming to AEC-Q200

This capacitor has an electrolyte mixture of a conductive polymer and an electrolytic solution. The capacitor can handle a large ripple current applied thereto while suppressing leak current, and is therefore expected to be highly reliable in performance. It can also be incorporated in shockproof structures (ø6～) as well. Achieve maximum category temperature 150 ℃. It is the best choice for use in an ECU that requires the capacitor to be small and highly reliable, and a communication base station, etc.

Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors (Surface Mount Type)

This capacitor offers high heat resistance, long service life, low impedance, and a high capability of handling ripple current. It is the best capacitor for use in power supplies in electronic equipment. The product can be applied to various equipment, such as general electronic devices and in-vehicle electrical equipment. It can also be incorporated in shockproof structures (ø8 or more) as well. Achieve maximum category temperature 125 ℃. The product complies with RoHS directives (2011/65/EU) and requirements for lead-free soldering.

Film Capacitors (Automotive, Industrial and Infrastructure Use)

This is a capacitor that handles high voltage/large current in applications for xEV (electric vehicles), smoothing inverter circuits for industrial infrastructures, snubber circuits, and noise suppression. Its electrodes are composed of films with a security mechanism that are deposited by Panasonic’s original technology. Achieve maximum category temperature 110 ℃. The film capacitor series for xEV charge circuits offers the following product lineup.

Chip resistors come in a variety of types, ranging from high-heat-resistant chip resistors to resistance networks. Achieve maximum category temperature 175 ℃.

• Thin-film ERA*V series offers high accuracy and high durability, being optimum for use in in-vehicle control circuits.
• ERJH series offers high resistance to heat and solder cracking.
• ERJ* series offers high resistance to sulfurization.

Power Inductors for Automotive application

This product is compact in size but can handle large currents, allowing space-saving in the power circuit of an ECU. A product feature is that it suffers less loss than a ferrite-type power inductor, in a higher frequency range. Achieve maximum category temperature 160 ℃. Having high resistance to heat and vibrations, the product is the best choice as a power inductor incorporated in an ECU exposed to a severe service environment.

NTC Thermistor (Chip type)

This thermistor is a surface mount type, and comes in various sizes (0402, 0603, 1005, 1608), offering a wide range of resistance temperature coefficients and resistance values. Its laminated structure and molded outline achieved by Panasonic’s original molding technology give the product high reliability. Among the NTC thermistor series is an in-vehicle thermistor capable of withstanding heat up to 150°C.

ESD suppressor is an electronic component that protects an electronic device from static electricity. In normal usage where the suppressor isn’t exposed to incoming high voltage, it works to ensure the quality of signals inputted to a high-speed differential signal circuit or high-frequency circuit. An ESD suppressor with high resistance to electrostatic discharge (EZAEG3W11AV conforms to AEC-Q200. Achieve maximum category temperature 125 ℃.

Varistor stands for a variable resistor. This electronic component is characterized by its resistance’ changing depending on the size of the applied voltage. This characteristic allows the component to protect electronic devices from lightning surges and static electricity. It is made from a specific ceramic material and fabricated with an original processing technology allowing the product to offer an excellent protection effect against electrostatic charges. It can be used in a wide range of products, such as power supplies and high-speed signal lines. Among the chip varistor lineup, only the in-vehicle chip varistor conforms to AEC-Q200. Achieve maximum category temperature 150 ℃.

Varistors (ZNR Surge Absorber)

ZNR surge absorber is an electronic component that absorbs a harmful surge voltage to prevent the destruction of an electronic device. A number of ZNR surge absorbers are incorporated in various devices/equipment, such as office equipment and cars. Among the ZNR surge absorber lineup is an SMD-type HF series which conforms to AEC-Q200. Achieve maximum category temperature 150 ℃.

Conclusion

AEC standards are international standards for ensuring the reliability of in-vehicle electronic components. AEC-Q200, which is included in the AEC standards, is the standard applied to passive components. These components must pass tests conducted under severe test conditions first before they are put on the market as products conforming to AEC-Q200. Panasonic offers a lot of components conforming to AEC-Q200, thus contributing to the development of in-vehicle products.

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AEC-Q200
Among various types of standards included in the AEC standards is AEC-Q200 which focuses on passive components. This article will discuss AEC-Q200 and brief on Panasonic products conforming to AEC-Q200 as well.

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